Beyond the Controversy of Period Leave

Have you ever had to work through debilitating pain? With our current landscape of work and employment systems, the answer is probably yes. For those who go through the menstrual cycle, the answer might even be yes, monthly. In response, some countries, regions, and companies have a period leave policy. What is it, and how is it controversial?

Period Leave Overview

People who go through monthly menstrual cycles experience pain in varying degrees and duration. Some might feel mild symptoms of nausea and cramps that last several days, while others can experience intense, debilitating cramps to the point of vomiting and fainting. Symptoms can also begin as far as a week before. Additionally, underlying health conditions also affect the severity of the pain.

Period pains can cause discomfort and affect people’s daily lives, including at work. Therefore, the period leave policy emerged to accommodate those who need to take a few days off during menstruation. It is often seen as a part of employers’ responsibilities in supporting women’s health and rights in the workplace.

Worldwide Implementations

How is this policy implemented worldwide?

Many Asian countries seem to have the policy in place, though the implementation varies. Around 1947, Japan established a law stating that companies must agree to grant unpaid period leave for women who request it for as long as they need. A 2020 labor ministry survey revealed that only around 30% of companies offer full or partial pay.

Meanwhile, women in South Korea have the right to one unpaid day off per month for menstrual leave. In Taiwan, partial pay is offered for three-day menstrual leave under the Act of Gender Equality in Employment.

In 2003, Indonesia passed a law granting women the right to two days of paid period leave per month without prior notice. A similar law was also passed in Zambia in 2015. Female workers in Zambia can call in to take ‘Mother’s Day,’ referring to a day off for period leave without prior arrangements.

On the other side of the world, Spain adopted legislation for paid period leave in February 2023, making it the first European country to do so. Under the bill, workers are entitled to three days paid leave for period pain with a doctor’s note.

Outside national laws, the period leave policy also pops up at the provincial and city levels. In places without period leave laws, the private sector picks up the slack. Some companies have their own period leave policy as a part of their framework.

Controversy from the Ground

Implementing the period leave policy seems like the right solution to balance productivity and health. In reality, however, the policy has generated debates and mixed reactions, especially from female workers.

One issue is regarding stigma and privacy concerns. Taking time off due to menstruation means letting people know your biological schedule. While it is true that menstruation is a natural occurrence of the body, many cultures still consider the topic taboo.

“It’s not the sort of thing you want to share with male colleagues, and it could lead to sexual harassment,” said a female worker in her 30s working in Japan to the Guardian. The concern of being seen as a burden and using their ‘women privileges’ also plagued most female workers.

Meanwhile, companies that do have the policy for period leave rarely encourage their workers to utilize it. According to the Guardian, several female workers in Japan admitted that they did not know such a policy existed, while others had never thought of using it. One of them said, “It was mentioned in the company policy document I received when I started working there, but I didn’t read it thoroughly.”

Another issue is the current patriarchal, highly capitalistic cultures in the workplace. In a report on women’s health at work, Deloitte found that company cultures become one of the challenges for female workers to openly discuss topics around menstruation.

In a commentary in the Global Times, Yang Lan, a woman from Shanghai, notes that many employees in China are paid, evaluated, and promoted based on how many hours they work. She said women who ask for period leave could end up being financially and professionally penalized if the law were not fully enforced.

“Yes, Anhui’s highly publicized period pain policy is a nice gesture toward gender equality … But the ‘bloody’ fact is that accepting paid leave whenever a woman has cramps will ultimately do more harm than good for our cause, as it weakens us at the workplace,” she wrote.

Beyond Policy

Adopting the period leave law is a gender-responsive step toward decent work for all. However, having the policy in place is not enough. At the very least, it is crucial to raise awareness among workers that such a law exists as an option for those who need it. Having a clear outline—parameters and penalties included—is also essential to its robust, widespread enforcement.

Beyond that, a cultural shift must happen. While the menstrual cycle may remain a private subject for individuals, it is important to strip it of the ‘shame’ or ‘taboo’ aspect in society. Discussions of menstruation framed in a light that normalizes or neutralizes it can de-stigmatize the conversation surrounding it, including the topic of period leave.

Each culture has its own starting point in the discussion of period leave. In general, though, the connecting thread of context is that menstruation has been used to perpetuate sexism in the workplace through objectification and gender essentialism. Going forward, the conversation on period leave must go beyond having a policy in place—it must involve women’s voices from all layers of society, be intersectional, and challenge existing heteropatriarchal, ableist, and highly capitalistic cultures in the workplace.

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Kresentia Madina

Reporter at Green Network Asia | Website | + posts

Madina is the Assistant Manager for Digital Publications at Green Network Asia. She graduated from Universitas Indonesia with a bachelor's degree in English Literature. She has three years of professional experience working on GNA international digital publications, programs, and partnerships particularly on social and cultural issues.

Nazalea Kusuma

Managing Editor at Green Network Asia | Website | + posts

Naz is the Manager of International Digital Publications at Green Network Asia. She is an experienced and passionate writer, editor, proofreader, translator, and creative designer with over a decade of portfolio. Her history of living in multiple areas across Southeast Asia and studying Urban and Regional Planning exposed her to diverse peoples and cultures, enriching her perspectives and sharpening her intersectionality mindset in her storytelling and advocacy on sustainability-related issues and sustainable development.